The internet is a big part of our daily lives, whether we’re browsing, shopping, or running a business. Behind the scenes, a system called the Domain Name System (DNS) keeps everything running smoothly.

DNS acts like a phonebook, helping your device find the correct website by converting easy-to-remember names (like example.com) into numerical addresses that computers use.

But what if that phonebook was tampered with? That’s where DNS hijacking comes in - a sneaky cyberattack that can send you to fake websites, steal your data, or infect your device with harmful software.

What Is DNS Hijacking?

DNS hijacking (sometimes called DNS poisoning or DNS spoofing) is when hackers mess with the DNS system to redirect internet users to the wrong websites. Their goal? To steal sensitive information, spread malware, or cause disruptions.

Here’s how hackers pull it off:

• Cache Poisoning: They inject fake records into DNS servers, making them return the wrong website addresses. Instead of your favourite site, you land on a malicious one.
• DNS Tunneling: This involves hackers sneaking malicious traffic through legitimate DNS channels.
• Phishing Tricks: Hackers might trick you into clicking fake links in emails, leading you to harmful sites that compromise your security.

Why Should You Worry About DNS Hijacking?

DNS hijacking isn’t just a tech problem; it’s a real-world issue with serious consequences for both individuals and businesses. Here’s why it’s so dangerous:

• Stolen Information: Fake websites can trick you into sharing passwords, credit card details, or other private data.
• Financial Losses: You could lose money directly or end up with malware that damages your financial systems.
• Damaged Reputation: For businesses, a hijacked DNS can erode customer trust, leading to lost opportunities.
• Service Disruptions: If hackers take control of your DNS, critical services like email or websites can become inaccessible, causing chaos.

Signs You’ve Been Hit by DNS Hijacking

It’s not always obvious when you’re a victim, but here are some red flags:

• You’re redirected to strange or fake websites.
• You see an unusual number of pop-ups, even on trusted sites.
• Websites load slower than usual.
• Customers or users report trouble accessing your site.

How Does DNS Hijacking Work?

Hackers are creative when it comes to taking control of DNS. Some of their tactics include:

1. Malware on Your Device: Attackers may install malicious software that changes the DNS settings on your computer or router.
2. Server Hacks: They break into DNS servers and tamper with the data to send users to malicious sites.
3. Intercepting Requests: Hackers use "man-in-the-middle" attacks to alter DNS responses on the fly.
4. Unsecured Routers: Weak passwords or outdated firmware on routers make it easy for hackers to change DNS settings for all connected devices.

How to Protect Yourself from DNS Hijacking

Stopping DNS hijacking requires a mix of good habits, smart tools, and proactive planning. Here’s what you can do to stay safe:

1. Secure Your DNS

• Enable DNSSEC: DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) ensures the DNS data you receive hasn’t been tampered with by adding a digital signature.
• Use DNS Filters: DNS filtering tools block access to dangerous websites.
• Monitor Traffic: Keep an eye on DNS activity to spot anything unusual.
• Stay Updated: Regularly update DNS software and security patches to fix vulnerabilities.

2. Strengthen Your Network

• Firewalls Are Your Friend: These block unauthorised access to your network.
• Detect Intrusions: Use tools that monitor your network for unusual activity.
• Configure Devices Securely: Change default passwords, disable unnecessary services, and enable encryption where possible.

3. Train Your Team

For businesses, employees can either be your strongest defence or your weakest link. Teach them how to:

• Spot phishing emails and suspicious links.
• Use strong, unique passwords (and enable two-factor authentication).
• Report anything that seems off, like odd redirects or pop-ups.

4. Have a Backup Plan

Even with the best defences, attacks can still happen. That’s why it’s important to:

• Create an Incident Response Plan: Outline exactly what to do if a DNS hijacking attack occurs.
• Test It Regularly: Make sure your plan works with practice drills.
• Call in Experts: Cybersecurity specialists can help recover from attacks and improve your defences.

Simple Steps for Everyday Users

If all this sounds too technical, don’t worry. Here are easy steps anyone can take to avoid falling victim to DNS hijacking:

1. Use Trusted DNS Services: Consider switching to secure options like Google Public DNS or Cloudflare.
2. Update Your Router: Keep firmware up to date and use strong passwords.
3. Be Wary of Links: Don’t click links in emails unless you’re sure they’re legit.
4. Install Security Software: Antivirus tools can catch malware that might target your DNS settings.

Real-Life Examples of DNS Hijacking

Still unsure how big of a problem DNS hijacking is? Here are some real-world cases:

1. The Sea Turtle Campaign (2019): Hackers targeted government and military organisations, rerouting users to fake sites to steal sensitive information.
2. Google Malaysia (2015): Attackers hijacked Google Malaysia’s DNS, redirecting users to a defaced site. No data was stolen, but it was a major embarrassment.
3. Brazilian Banking Scams: Cybercriminals exploited home routers to redirect users to fake banking sites, stealing login details and money.

A Quick Checklist to Stay Safe

Use this checklist to secure your online activities:

• Turn on DNSSEC for your domains.
• Regularly review and update your DNS settings.
• Secure your router with strong passwords and firmware updates.
• Use DNS filtering tools to block harmful sites.
• Train employees (or yourself!) to recognise phishing scams.
• Monitor DNS traffic for any unusual activity.

Take Charge of Your Online Safety

DNS hijacking is a stealthy but dangerous threat. It can redirect you to fake websites, steal sensitive data, and even bring down entire services. However, you can protect yourself with simple steps like securing your devices, staying updated, and using tools like DNSSEC.

By staying informed and proactive, you’ll reduce the risk of falling victim to this type of attack. Remember: cybersecurity isn’t just for tech experts - everyone has an important role to play. Take these precautions today and stay safe online.